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Identification and Creation

Object Number
2023.501.42
Title
Rooster Pendant with Four-Spiked Comb
Classification
Jewelry
Work Type
pendant
Date
10th-8th century BCE
Places
Creation Place: Ancient & Byzantine World, Asia, Luristan (Iran)
Find Spot: Middle East, Iran, Western Iran
Period
Iron Age
Culture
Iranian
Persistent Link
https://hvrd.art/o/303979

Physical Descriptions

Medium
Copper-tin-antimony alloy
Technique
Cast, lost-wax process
Dimensions
3.5 x 4.6 x 1.2 cm (1 3/8 x 1 13/16 x 1/2 in.)
Technical Details

Chemical Composition: EMP analysis from sample, Copper-Tin-Antimony Alloy:
Cu, 92.75; Sn, 3.80; Pb, 0.01; Zn, 0.00; Fe, 0.01; Ni, 0.00; Ag, 0.02; Sb, 1.94; As, 0.00

T. Richardson, June 1999

Chemical Composition: ICP-MS/AAA data from sample, Copper-Tin-Antimony Alloy:
Cu, 93.02; Sn, 4.54; Pb, less than 0.04; Zn, 0.003; Fe, less than 0.01; Ni, less than 0.01; Ag, 0.02; Sb, 2.42; As, less than 0.10; Bi, less than 0.025; Co, less than 0.01; Au, less than 0.01; Cd, less than 0.001

J. Riederer

Chemical Composition:
Lead Isotope Analysis (Pb, less than 0.04%):

Pb206/Pb204, 18.65714; Pb207/Pb204, 15.66056; Pb208/Pb204, 38.69787; Pb, 207/Pb206, 0.83939; Pb 208/Pb206, 2.07416; Pb208/Pb207, 2.47104



P. Degryse

Chemical Composition: XRF data from Tracer
Alloy: Mixed Copper Alloy
Alloying Elements: copper, tin, antimony
Other Elements: lead, iron, nickel, silver, arsenic
Comments: The antimony is lower than in other mixed copper-tin-antimony alloys.

K. Eremin, January 2014

Technical Observations: The patinas of the rooster pendants (173.1972, 181.1972, 182.1972, 184.1972, 186.1972, and 1992.256.31) are green with brown burial accretions. 1992.256.31 is entirely black. 182.1972 has layers of iron corrosion products, and the eyes of that object, from which the rust appears to originate, may be made of a circular-sectioned iron rod inserted through the head. The pendants are in stable condition. Some areas are relatively well preserved and appear smooth.

The pendants were cast from models made directly in the wax. A minimal amount of cold working was used to decorate the necks, bodies, and tails, perhaps to depict feathers.

Henry Lie (submitted 2012)

Provenance

Recorded Ownership History
Kurt H. Weil, Montclair, NJ (1927-1992), by descent; to Kathleen Weil-Garris Brandt, New York (1992-2023), gift; to the Harvard Art Museums.

Acquisition and Rights

Credit Line
Harvard Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Gift of Professor Kathleen Weil-Garris Brandt
Accession Year
2023
Object Number
2023.501.42
Division
Asian and Mediterranean Art
Contact
am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu
Permissions

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Publication History

  • Tracy Richardson, "A Technical Study of Luristan Bronzes From Ancient Iran" (thesis (certificate in conservation), Straus Center for Conservation and Technical Studies, June 1999), Unpublished, pp. 1-15 passim

Subjects and Contexts

  • Ancient Bronzes

Related Objects

Verification Level

This record has been reviewed by the curatorial staff but may be incomplete. Our records are frequently revised and enhanced. For more information please contact the Division of Asian and Mediterranean Art at am_asianmediterranean@harvard.edu